Ibikoresho bya rukuruzi
Ihame ry'imikorere:
Ihame ryimikorere ryibikoresho bya Magnetique byohereza torque kuva moteri kugeza kumitwaro irangirira mu cyuho.Kandi ntaho bihuriye hagati yo kohereza no kuruhande rwibikoresho.Umuyoboro ukomeye udasanzwe-isi ya magnetiki kuruhande rumwe rwoherejwe hamwe numuyoboro uterwa numuyoboro kurundi ruhande urahuza kugirango ukore torque.Muguhindura intera yikirere, imbaraga za torsion zirashobora kugenzurwa neza kandi kugirango umuvuduko ubashe kugenzurwa.
Ibicuruzwa byiza:
Disiki ihoraho isimbuza ihuriro hagati ya moteri n'umutwaro hamwe nikirere.Ikinyuranyo cyikirere gikuraho kunyeganyega kwangiza, kugabanya kwambara, kunoza ingufu, kongera ubuzima bwa moteri, no kurinda ibikoresho kwangirika kwinshi.Igisubizo:
Zigama ingufu
Kongera ubwizerwe
Mugabanye amafaranga yo kubungabunga
Kunoza imikorere
Nta kugoreka guhuza cyangwa ibibazo byubuziranenge bwingufu
Birashoboka gukora mubidukikije bikaze
Moteri
Samarium cobalt alloy yakoreshejwe kubutaka budasanzwe bwa moteri ya magneti kuva 1980.Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa birimo: Moteri ya Servo, gutwara moteri, gutwara ibinyabiziga, moteri ya gisirikare yo ku butaka, moteri yindege nibindi nibindi igice cyibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze.Ibintu nyamukuru biranga samarium cobalt ihoraho ya magnet alloy ni:
(1).Umuyoboro wa demagnetisiyonike ni umurongo ugororotse, ahahanamye ni hafi yimikorere ihindagurika.Nukuvuga, umurongo wo kugarura uragereranijwe hafi ya demagnetisation.
(2).Ifite Hcj ikomeye, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya demagnetisation.
(3).Ifite ingufu za magneti nyinshi (BH).
(4).Coefficient yubushyuhe ihindagurika ni nto cyane kandi ubushyuhe bwa magneti ni bwiza.
Kubera imiterere yavuzwe haruguru, isi idasanzwe samarium cobalt ihoraho ya magnet alloy irakwiriye cyane cyane mugukoresha imiterere yumuzunguruko ufunguye, imiterere yumuvuduko, imiterere ya demagnetizing cyangwa imiterere yingirakamaro, ibereye gukora ibice bito bito.
Moteri irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya DC na moteri ya AC ukurikije ubwoko bwamashanyarazi.
(1).Ukurikije imiterere nihame ryakazi, moteri ya DC irashobora kugabanywamo:
Brushless DC moteri na brush moteri ya DC.
Brush DC moteri irashobora kugabanywamo: moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC na moteri ya electromagnetic DC.
Moteri ya Electromagnetic DC irashobora kugabanywamo: moteri ya DC, shunt DC, moteri ya DC hamwe na moteri ya DC.
Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC irashobora kugabanywamo: isi idasanzwe ya rukuruzi ya DC, moteri ya ferrite ihoraho DC na moteri ya Alnico ihoraho.
(2).Moteri ya AC irashobora kandi kugabanywamo: moteri yicyiciro kimwe na moteri yibice bitatu.
Amashanyarazi
Ihame ry'imikorere:
Nugukora umuyaga unyuze muri coil kugirango ubyare umurima wa magneti, ukoreshe umunezero uva mumashanyarazi hamwe numwimerere urangurura amajwi ya magnetiki yumurimo kugirango utange kunyeganyega.Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane.
Irashobora kugabanwa mubice bikurikira:
Sisitemu yingufu: harimo na coil yijwi (na coil yamashanyarazi), coil isanzwe ikosorwa hamwe na sisitemu yo kunyeganyega, binyuze muri diaphragm kugirango ihindure ihindagurika ryikimenyetso mubimenyetso byamajwi.
Sisitemu yo kunyeganyega: harimo firime y amajwi, ni ukuvuga diaphragm yamahembe, diaphragm.Diaphragm irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye.Birashobora kuvugwa ko ubwiza bwijwi ryindangururamajwi bugenwa ahanini nibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora diafragma.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho magnesi, birashobora kugabanywamo:
Magneti yo hanze: uzenguruke rukuruzi hejuru yijwi, bityo rero kora igiceri cyijwi kinini kuruta magneti.Ingano yijwi ryamajwi yo hanze iriyongera, kuburyo bituma diafragm ihuza ahantu hanini, kandi imbaraga ni nziza.Ingano yiyongereye yijwi coil nayo hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukwirakwiza.
Inner magnet: coil yijwi ryubatswe imbere muri magnet, bityo ubunini bwijwi ni buto cyane.
Ibikoresho byo gutwikira
Ihame ryibanze ryibikoresho byo gutwikisha magnetron ni uko electron zigongana na atome ya argon mugikorwa cyo kwihuta kugera kuri substrate munsi yumurimo wumuriro wamashanyarazi, hanyuma ionize umubare munini wa ion ion na electron, hanyuma electron ziguruka kuri substrate.Mubikorwa byumuriro wamashanyarazi, argon ion yihutira gutera ibisasu, isuka umubare munini wa atome yintego, nka atome zidafite aho zibogamiye (cyangwa molekile) zashyizwe kumurongo kugirango zikore firime.Icyiciro cya kabiri cya elegitoronike mugikorwa cyo kwihuta kuguruka kuri substrate yibasiwe nimbaraga za Magnetic field lorenzo, ihambiriye mukarere ka plasma hafi yintego, ubwinshi bwa plasma muri kariya gace ni hejuru cyane, electron ya kabiri ikorwa numurima wa magneti hirya no hino. Ubuso bwerekanwe nkumuzenguruko, inzira ya electron inzira ni ndende cyane, guhora argon atom kugongana ionisiyoneri hanze ya ion nyinshi ya argon mugihe cyo kugenda kugirango bombe igere.Nyuma yo kugongana kwinshi, ingufu za electron zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi bakuraho imirongo yumurongo wa magneti, kure yintego, amaherezo bakabitsa kuri substrate.
Gukwirakwiza Magnetron ni ugukoresha imbaraga za magneti kugirango uhuze kandi wongere inzira yimikorere ya electron, uhindure icyerekezo cyerekezo cya electron, uzamure igipimo cya ionisation ya gaze ikora kandi ukoreshe neza ingufu za electron.Imikoranire hagati yumurima wa magneti numurima wamashanyarazi (drift ya EXB) itera inzira ya elegitoronike ya trayektori igaragara mumirongo itatu yibizunguruka aho kuba umuzenguruko gusa hejuru yintego.Kubijyanye nintego yubuso buzenguruka umwirondoro, ni magnetiki yumurongo wumurongo wintego ya magnetiki yumurongo ni imiterere yizengurutse.Icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza gifite uruhare runini mugushinga film.
Magnetron isohoka irangwa nigipimo kinini cyo gukora firime, ubushyuhe buke bwa substrate, gufata neza firime, hamwe nubutaka bunini.Ikoranabuhanga rirashobora kugabanywamo DC magnetron sputtering na RF magnetron.
Umuyaga Wumuyaga
Imashini ihoraho yumuyaga ikoresha imashini ikora cyane ya Sinema ya NdFeb ihoraho, Hcj ihagije irashobora kwirinda ko rukuruzi itakaza magnetisme ku bushyuhe bwinshi.Ubuzima bwa magneti buterwa nibikoresho bya substrate hamwe nubutaka bwo kurwanya ruswa.Kurwanya ruswa ya magnet ya NdFeb bigomba guhera mubikorwa.
Imashini nini ihoraho itanga umuyaga mubisanzwe ikoresha ibihumbi bya NdFeb, buri pole ya rotor igizwe na magnesi nyinshi.Guhoraho kwa rotor magnetiki pole bisaba guhuza magnesi, harimo guhuza kwihanganira ibipimo hamwe na magnetiki.Uburinganire bwimiterere ya magneti burimo itandukaniro rya magneti hagati yabantu ni rito kandi imiterere ya magneti ya magneti kugiti cye igomba kuba imwe.
Kugirango umenye uburinganire bwa rukuruzi imwe, ni ngombwa guca magneti mo uduce duto duto no gupima umurongo wa demagnetisation.Gerageza niba ibintu bya magnetique yicyiciro bihuye mugikorwa cyo gukora.Birakenewe gukuramo magneti mubice bitandukanye mumatanura ya sinteur nkurugero no gupima umurongo wa demagnetisation yabyo.Kuberako ibikoresho byo gupima bihenze cyane, ntibishoboka rwose kwemeza ubusugire bwa buri rukuruzi rupimwa.Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka gukora igenzura ryuzuye ryibicuruzwa.Ihame rya magnetiki ya NdFeb rigomba kwemezwa nibikoresho bitanga umusaruro no kugenzura ibikorwa.
Gukora inganda
Automation bivuga inzira ibikoresho byimashini, sisitemu cyangwa inzira bigera ku ntego iteganijwe binyuze mu gutahura mu buryo bwikora, gutunganya amakuru, gusesengura, guca imanza no gukoreshwa ukurikije ibisabwa n'abantu batabigizemo uruhare rutaziguye cyangwa abantu bake.Automatisation ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, ubuhinzi, igisirikare, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ubwikorezi, ubucuruzi, ubuvuzi, serivisi n'umuryango.Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryikora ntirishobora gusa kubohora abantu imirimo ivunanye cyane, igice cyimirimo yo mumutwe hamwe nakazi gakomeye, gashobora guteza akaga, ariko kandi ikanagura imikorere yingingo zabantu, kuzamura cyane umusaruro wumurimo, kuzamura ubushobozi bwubwumvikane bwabantu no guhinduka kwa isi.Kubwibyo, automatike nikintu cyingenzi nikimenyetso gikomeye cyo kuvugurura inganda, ubuhinzi, ingabo zigihugu ndetse na siyansi nikoranabuhanga.Nkigice cyo gutanga ingufu zikoresha, magnet afite ibicuruzwa byingenzi biranga:
1. Nta kibatsi, cyane kibereye ahantu haturika;
2. Ingaruka nziza yo kuzigama ingufu;
3. Gutangira byoroshye no guhagarara byoroshye, imikorere myiza ya feri
4. Ingano nto, gutunganya binini.
Ikibuga cy'indege
Ntibisanzwe isi ikora magnesium ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugihe kirekire 200 ~ 300 ℃, ifite imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi zirwanya igihe kirekire.Ubushobozi bwibintu bidasanzwe byisi muri magnesium biratandukanye, kandi gahunda igenda yiyongera ni lanthanum, ivanze nisi idasanzwe, cerium, praseodymium na neodymium.Ingaruka nziza nayo yiyongera kumiterere yubukanishi mubushyuhe bwicyumba nubushyuhe bwinshi.Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ZM6 ivanze na neodymium nkibintu byingenzi byongeweho byateguwe na AVIC ntabwo bifite imiterere yubukanishi gusa mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ariko kandi bifite imiterere yimashini yinzibacyuho kandi irwanya ubukonje bukabije.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kuri 250 ℃.Hamwe no kugaragara kwa magnesium nshyashya hamwe na yttrium irwanya ruswa, amavuta ya magnesium yongeye kwamamara mu nganda z’indege z’amahanga mu myaka yashize.
Nyuma yo kongeramo urugero rukwiye rwubutaka budasanzwe kuri magnesium.Kwiyongera kwicyuma cyisi kidasanzwe kuri magnesium alloy irashobora kongera umuvuduko wamazi, kugabanya microporosity, kunoza ubukana bwikirere no kunoza kuburyo budasanzwe ibintu byo guturika bishyushye hamwe nubushuhe, kuburyo umusemburo ugifite imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no guhangana n’ibikurura kuri 200- 300 ℃.
Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imiterere ya superalloys.Superalloys ikoreshwa mubice bishyushye bya aeroengine.Nyamara, kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya aero-moteri bigarukira kubera kugabanuka kwa okiside, kurwanya ruswa n'imbaraga mubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibikoresho byo mu rugo
Ibikoresho byo murugo bivuga cyane cyane ubwoko bwose bwamashanyarazi nibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikoreshwa mumazu nahantu hasa.Menya kandi ibikoresho bya gisivili, ibikoresho byo murugo.Ibikoresho byo mu rugo bibohora abantu imirimo yo murugo iremereye, yoroheje kandi itwara igihe, igakora neza kandi nziza, ikorohereza ubuzima bwumubiri nubwenge bwibidukikije ndetse nakazi keza kubantu, kandi bigatanga imyidagaduro ikungahaye kandi yamabara, byahindutse a ibikenewe mubuzima bwumuryango.
Ibikoresho byo murugo bifite hafi ikinyejana cyamateka, Leta zunzubumwe zifatwa nkaho ariho havuka ibikoresho byo murugo.Ingano y'ibikoresho byo murugo iratandukanye bitewe nigihugu, kandi isi ntirashiraho icyiciro kimwe cyibikoresho byo murugo.Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ibikoresho byo kumurika byashyizwe ku rutonde nkibikoresho byo mu rugo, naho amajwi n'amashusho byashyizwe ku rutonde nkibikoresho by’umuco n’imyidagaduro, birimo n’ibikinisho bya elegitoroniki.
Ibisanzwe burimunsi: Urugi kumuryango wimbere rwonsa, moteri imbere yumuryango wumuryango wa elegitoronike, sensor, televiziyo, imirongo ya magneti kumiryango ya firigo, moteri yo mu rwego rwohejuru ihindagurika ya compressor moteri, moteri yumuyaga, moteri yabafana, disiki zikomeye za mudasobwa, abavuga, disikuru yerekana, moteri ya moteri ya moteri, imashini imesa nibindi bizakoresha magnet.
Inganda zikora imodoka
Dufatiye ku ruhererekane rw'inganda, 80% by'amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe akorwa mu bikoresho bya magneti bihoraho binyuze mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gushonga no kongera kubyara.Ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bikoreshwa cyane cyane munganda nshya zingufu nka moteri yimodoka nshya ningufu zitanga umuyaga.Kubwibyo, isi idasanzwe nkicyuma gishya cyingirakamaro cyakuruye abantu benshi.
Biravugwa ko ibinyabiziga rusange bifite ibice birenga 30 bikoresha isi idasanzwe ya magneti ahoraho, kandi imodoka yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ibice birenga 70 igomba gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho, kugirango irangize ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kugenzura.
. koresha ibirenga 5-10 kg NdFeb mumodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza. "Uwitabiriye inganda yerekanye.
Ukurikije ijanisha ryo kugurisha muri 2020, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye bingana na 81.57%, naho ibindi ni ibinyabiziga bivangavanze.Ukurikije iki kigereranyo, ibinyabiziga bishya 10 000 bizakenera toni zigera kuri 47 z’ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka, hafi toni 25 kuruta imodoka za lisansi.
Urwego rushya rw'ingufu
Twese dufite ubumenyi bwibanze bwimodoka nshya zingufu.Batteri, moteri hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa elegitoronike ningirakamaro kumodoka nshya.Moteri igira uruhare rumwe na moteri yimodoka gakondo zingufu, zingana numutima wimodoka, mugihe bateri yingufu ihwanye na lisansi namaraso yimodoka, nigice cyingenzi mubyakozwe mubikorwa moteri ni isi idasanzwe.Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukora ibikoresho bigezweho bya magnetiki bigezweho ni Neodymium, Samarium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium nibindi.NdFeb ifite magnetisme yikubye inshuro 4-10 kurenza ibikoresho bisanzwe bya magneti bihoraho, kandi bizwi nk "umwami wa rukuruzi ihoraho".
Ubutaka budasanzwe burashobora kandi kuboneka mubice nka bateri zamashanyarazi.Kugeza ubu batteri ya lithium isanzwe, izina ryayo ryuzuye ni "Ternary Material Battery", mubisanzwe bivuga gukoresha nikel cobalt manganese acide lithium (Li (NiCoMn) O2, kunyerera) lithium nikel cyangwa cobalt aluminate (NCA) ternary positif nziza ya electrode ya litiro ya litiro. .Kora umunyu wa Nickel, umunyu wa Cobalt, umunyu wa Manganese nkibice bitatu bitandukanye byibigize kugirango uhindurwe bitandukanye, nuko bita "Ternary".
Kubijyanye no kongeramo ibintu bitandukanye bidasanzwe byisi kuri electrode nziza ya bateri ya lithium ya ternary, ibisubizo byibanze byerekana ko, kubera ibintu binini bidasanzwe byubutaka, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma bateri yishyuza kandi ikarekura byihuse, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, bateri ihamye ikoreshwa, nibindi, birashobora kugaragara ko bateri yisi idasanzwe ya lithium iteganijwe guhinduka imbaraga nyamukuru yibisekuru bishya byamashanyarazi.Isi idasanzwe rero nintwaro yubumaji kubice byingenzi byimodoka.
Ibikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho
Kubijyanye nibikoresho byubuvuzi, icyuma cya lazeri gikozwe mubikoresho bya laser birimo isi idasanzwe birashobora gukoreshwa mugubaga neza, fibre optique ikozwe mubirahuri bya lanthanum irashobora gukoreshwa nkumuyoboro woroheje, ushobora kureba neza ibikomere byigifu cyumuntu.Ikintu kidasanzwe isi ytterbium irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ubwonko no kwerekana amashusho.X-ray yongerera ingufu ecran yakoze ubwoko bushya bwibintu bidasanzwe bya fluorescent yisi, ugereranije no gukoresha umwimerere wa calcium tungstate yongerera ingufu amashusho kurasa inshuro 5 ~ 8, kandi irashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwerekana, kugabanya umubiri wumuntu ukoresheje imishwarara, kurasa bifite Byarushijeho kunonosorwa neza, shyira muburyo bukwiye bwa ecran idasanzwe irashobora gushira ibintu byinshi bigoye byumwimerere kwisuzumisha ryimihindagurikire yindwara yamenyekanye neza.
Gukoresha isi idasanzwe ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bikozwe mumashusho ya magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho (MRI) nubuhanga bushya bwakoreshejwe mubikoresho byubuvuzi byo mu myaka ya za 1980, bifashisha umurima munini wa magnetiki uhamye wohereza umuyaga wa pulse kumubiri wumuntu, bigatuma umubiri wumuntu utanga resonance hydrogen atom no gukuramo imbaraga, hanyuma ugafunga gitunguranye umurima wa magneti.Isohora rya atome ya hydrogène izakuramo ingufu.Nkuko ikwirakwizwa rya hydrogène mumubiri wumuntu buri shyirahamwe ritandukanye, kurekura ingufu zigihe kinini, ukoresheje mudasobwa ya elegitoronike kugirango wakire amakuru atandukanye yo gusesengura no gutunganya, gusa birashobora kugarurwa no gutandukana mubice byimbere byumubiri byishusho, gutandukanya ingingo zisanzwe cyangwa zidasanzwe, kumenya imiterere yindwara.Ugereranije na X-ray tomografiya, MRI ifite ibyiza byumutekano, nta bubabare, nta byangiritse kandi bitandukanye cyane.Kugaragara kwa MRI bifatwa nkimpinduramatwara yikoranabuhanga mumateka yubuvuzi bwo gusuzuma.
Ikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi nubuvuzi bwa magneti hamwe nubuvuzi budasanzwe bwisi.Bitewe nubushobozi bukomeye bwa magnetiki yisi idasanzwe yibikoresho bya magnetiki bihoraho, kandi birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho byo kuvura magnetique, kandi ntibyoroshye kuri demagnetisation, birashobora gukoreshwa kumubiri meridian acupoints cyangwa ahantu h’indwara, biruta ubuvuzi gakondo bwa magneti. Ingaruka.Ni gake cyane ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bikozwe mubikoresho byo kuvura magnetiki nk'urunigi rwa magneti, urushinge rwa magneti, urusaku rw'ubuzima bwa magnetiki, igikonjo cya fitness magnetiki, igikombe cy'amazi ya magneti, inkoni ya magneti, ibimamara bya rukuruzi, kurinda ivi rya rukuruzi, kurinda urutugu rukuruzi, rukuruzi, rukuruzi massager, nibindi, bifite imirimo yo kwikinisha, kugabanya ububabare, kurwanya inflammatory, depression, antidiarrhea nibindi.
Ibikoresho
Imashini Igikoresho Cyimodoka Cyuzuye: Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri Magneti ya SmCo na NdFeb.Diameter hagati ya 1.6-1.8, uburebure buri hagati ya 0,6-1.0.Imirasire ya radiyo hamwe na Nickel.
Urwego rwa magnetiki flip urwego ukurikije ihame rya buoyancy hamwe nihame rya magnetique ihuza akazi.Iyo urwego rwamazi mubikoresho byapimwe ruzamutse rukagwa, kureremba mumiyoboro iyoboye ya metero ya magnetiki flip plate nayo irazamuka ikagwa.Imashini ihoraho mu kureremba yimurirwa mu murima binyuze mu guhuza magneti, gutwara inkingi itukura n'umweru byera 180 °.Iyo urwego rwamazi ruzamutse, flip inkingi ihinduka umweru ugahinduka umutuku, kandi iyo urwego rwamazi rugabanutse, inkingi ya flip ihinduka kuva umutuku ujya mweru.Urubibi rutukura n'umweru byerekana icyerekezo nuburebure nyabwo bwurwego rwamazi muri kontineri, kugirango werekane urwego rwamazi.
Bitewe na magnetiki guhuza isolator ifunze imiterere.Cyane cyane kibereye gutwikwa, guturika no kwangirika kwuburozi bwurwego rwamazi.Kugirango rero umwimerere wibidukikije bigoye urwego rwamazi bisobanura guhinduka byoroshye, byizewe numutekano.
