Ni ibihe bikorwa bya magnetiki bikubiye mubikoresho bihoraho?
Ibikorwa nyamukuru bya magnetiki birimo remanence (Br), imbaraga za magnetique induction (bHc), guhuza imbaraga (jHc), nibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu (BH) Max.Usibye ibyo, hari nibindi bitaramo byinshi: Ubushyuhe bwa Curie (Tc), Ubushyuhe bwakazi (Tw), coefficente yubushyuhe bwa remanence (α), coefficient de coiffure de coercivite interinsic (β), gukira kwa rec (μrec) hamwe na demagnetisation yu murongo urukiramende (Hk / jHc).
Imbaraga za magneti ni izihe?
Mu mwaka wa 1820, umuhanga HCOersted muri Danimarike yasanze urushinge hafi y’umugozi ruri hagati y’ubu, rugaragaza isano shingiro iri hagati y’amashanyarazi na magnetisme, noneho, Electromagnetics yavutse.Imyitozo yerekana ko imbaraga zumurima wa magneti hamwe numuyoboro hamwe numuyoboro utagira umupaka uturuka hafi yacyo ugereranije nubunini, kandi ugereranije nuburebure bwurugero.Muri sisitemu ya SI, ibisobanuro byo gutwara amperes 1 zinsinga zitagira umupaka intera ya 1 / wire (2 pi) magnetique yumurima wa metero intera ni 1A / m (an / M);kwibuka uruhare rwa Oersted muri electromagnetism, mubice bya sisitemu ya CGS, ibisobanuro byo gutwara amperes 1 zumuyoboro utagira ingano mumashanyarazi ya magnetique imbaraga zingana na 0.2 intera intera ni cm 1Oe (Oster), 1 / (1Oe = 4 PI) * 103A / m, nimbaraga za magnetique imbaraga zigaragarira muri H.
Niki magnetiki polarisiyasi (J), ni iki magnetisiyasi ikomeza (M), ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yombi?
Ubushakashatsi bwa magnetiki bugezweho bwerekana ko ibintu byose bya magnetiki bituruka kumuyoboro, ibyo bita dipole ya magnetiki. Umuyoboro ntarengwa wumurima wa magneti muri vacuum ni umwanya wa magnetiki dipole umwanya Pm kuri buri gice cyumwanya wa magneti, hamwe nigihe cya magnetiki dipole kumwanya wubunini bwa ibikoresho ni J, naho SI igice ni T (Tesla).Inzitizi yumwanya wa magneti kuri buri gice cyibikoresho ni M, naho umwanya wa magneti ni Pm / μ0, naho SI ni A / m (M / m).Kubwibyo, isano iri hagati ya M na J: J = μ0M, μ0 ni iyimyuka ya vacuum, mubice bya SI, μ0 = 4π * 10-7H / m (H / m).
Ubukonje bwa magnetique (B) ni ubuhe, ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux (B), ni irihe sano riri hagati ya B na H, J, M?
Iyo umurima wa magneti ushyizwe muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose H, ubukana bwumurima wa magneti hagati ntabwo bingana na H, ariko ubukana bwa magneti ya H hiyongereyeho na magnetiki J. Kuberako imbaraga zumurima wa magneti imbere yibikoresho zerekanwa na magnetique umurima H unyuze muburyo bwo kwinjiza.Gutandukana na H, tuyita uburyo bwa magnetic induction medium, bwerekanwa nka B: B = μ0H + J (SI unit) B = H + 4πM (CGS ibice)
Igice cya magnetique induction ubukana B ni T, naho CGS ni Gs (1T = 10Gs).Magnetic phenomenon irashobora kugaragazwa neza numurongo wumurongo wa magneti, kandi induction ya magnetique B nayo ishobora gusobanurwa nkubucucike bwa magneti.Magnetic induction B hamwe na magnetiki flux yuzuye B irashobora gukoreshwa kwisi yose mubitekerezo.
Niki bita remanence (Br), icyo bita imbaraga zo guhatira magnetique (bHc), imbaraga zo guhatira imbere (jHc) ni izihe?
Magnetiki ya magnetiki yumurongo wa magnetisiyasi kugirango yuzure nyuma yo gukuramo umurima wa magnetiki wo hanze muburyo bufunze, magnetiki magnetiki polarisiyasi J hamwe na induction ya magnetique B kandi ntibizacika kubera kubura kwa H hamwe numurima wa rukuruzi wo hanze, kandi bizakomeza a ingano ingano.Agaciro kitwa magnetique isigaye ya magnetique, yiswe remanence Br, SI igice ni T, CGS igice ni Gs (1T = 10⁴Gs).Umuhengeri wa demagnetisation ya magneti uhoraho, mugihe imbaraga za magnetiki zinyuranye H ziyongera kugeza ku gaciro ka bHc, ubukana bwa magnetique ya magnetique ya B yari 0, byitwa H agaciro ka reaction ya magnetique reaction ya magnetique ya bHc;mumwanya uhindagurika wa magnetiki H = bHc, ntabwo yerekana ubushobozi bwimikorere ya magneti yo hanze, guhatira bHc kuranga ibintu bya magneti bihoraho kugirango birwanye imbaraga za magnetiki zinyuma cyangwa izindi ngaruka za demagnetisation.Guhatira bHc nimwe mubintu byingenzi byubushakashatsi bwa magneti.Iyo imbaraga za magnetiki zinyuranye H = bHc, nubwo rukuruzi itagaragaza urujya n'uruza rwinshi, ariko ubukana bwa rukuruzi ya rukuruzi J ikomeza kuba agaciro kanini mu cyerekezo cyambere.Kubwibyo, imiterere ya magnetiki yimbere ya bHc ntabwo ihagije kuranga rukuruzi.Iyo imbaraga za magnetiki zinyuranye H ziyongereye kuri jHc, vector micro magnetic dipole magnet imbere ni 0. Agaciro ka magnetiki yumurima agaciro bita coercivité interinsic ya jHc.Guhatira jHc ni ikintu cyingenzi cyane cyibintu bifatika bya magnetiki bihoraho, kandi ni byo biranga ibintu bya magneti bihoraho kugirango birwanye imbaraga za magnetiki ziva hanze cyangwa izindi ngaruka za demagnetisation, kugirango zigumane icyerekezo cyingenzi cyubushobozi bwacyo bwa magneti.
Nibihe bicuruzwa ntarengwa (BH) m?
Muri BH umurongo wa demagnetisation yibikoresho bya magnetiki bihoraho (kuri quadrant ya kabiri), ingingo zitandukanye zijyanye na magneti ziri mubikorwa bitandukanye.BH demagnetisiyonike ya BH yikintu runaka kuri Bm na Hm (guhuza imirongo ihanamye kandi ihagaritse) byerekana ubunini bwa magneti hamwe nimbaraga za induction ubukana hamwe na magnetiki ya leta.Ubushobozi bwa BM na HM bwagaciro ntagereranywa k'ibicuruzwa Bm * Hm ni mu izina rya leta ya magneti imirimo yo hanze, ihwanye n'ingufu za rukuruzi zibitswe muri magneti, yitwa BHmax.Magneti muburyo bwagaciro ntarengwa (BmHm) yerekana imbaraga za magneti ubushobozi bwakazi bwo hanze, bwitwa umusaruro mwinshi wa magneti, cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu, bisobanurwa nka (BH) m.Igice cya BHmax muri sisitemu ya SI ni J / m3 (joules / m3), na CGS sisitemu ya MGOe, 1MGOe = 10² / 4π kJ / m3.
Ubushyuhe bwa Curie (Tc) ni ubuhe, ni ubuhe bushyuhe bwo gukora bwa magneti (Tw), isano iri hagati yabo?
Ubushyuhe bwa Curie nubushuhe aho magnetisiyasi yibikoresho bya magneti bigabanuka kugeza kuri zeru, kandi niyo ngingo ikomeye yo guhindura ibikoresho bya ferromagnetic cyangwa ferrimagnetic mubikoresho bya para-magnetique.Ubushyuhe bwa Curie Tc bufitanye isano gusa nibigize ibikoresho kandi ntaho bihuriye na mikoro-miterere yibikoresho.Ku bushyuhe runaka, ibintu bya magnetiki yibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho birashobora kugabanuka kurwego runaka ugereranije nubushyuhe bwicyumba.Ubushyuhe bwitwa ubushyuhe bwakazi bwa magnet Tw.Ubunini bwo kugabanya ingufu za magneti biterwa no gukoresha magneti, ni agaciro katamenyekanye, rukuruzi imwe ihoraho mubisabwa bitandukanye ifite ubushyuhe bwakazi butandukanye Tw.Ubushyuhe bwa Curie bwibikoresho bya magnetiki ya Tc byerekana inyigisho yubushyuhe bwo gukora bwibikoresho.Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Tw ikora ya magneti ihoraho yose ntaho ihuriye na Tc gusa, ahubwo ifitanye isano nimiterere ya magneti ya magneti, nka jHc, hamwe nimikorere ya rukuruzi mumuzunguruko.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwa rukuruzi ya rukuruzi ihoraho (μrec), ni ubuhe buryo bwa J demagnetisiyonike (Hk / jHc), bivuze iki?
Igisobanuro cya demagnetisation umurongo wa BH magnet ikora aho D isubiranamo impinduka yumurongo inyuma ya magnet dinamike, umusozi wumurongo kugirango ugaruke neza μrec.Ikigaragara ni uko kugaruka kwemerwa μrec biranga ituze rya magneti munsi yimikorere ikora.Nuburinganire bwa magneti ahoraho BH demagnetisation yu murongo, kandi nikimwe mubintu byingenzi bya magneti biranga magnesi zihoraho.Kuri magneteri Nd-Fe-B yacumuye, μrec = 1.02-1.10, μrec ntoya, niko guhagarara neza kwa magneti mubikorwa bikora.
Umuzunguruko wa magneti ni uwuhe, uruziga rukuruzi rufunguye, uruziga rufunze?
Inzira ya rukuruzi yerekeza kumurima wihariye mu cyuho cyikirere, igahuzwa numwe cyangwa ubwinshi bwa magnesi zihoraho, icyuma gitwara insinga, icyuma ukurikije imiterere nubunini runaka.Icyuma gishobora kuba icyuma cyiza, ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, Ni-Fe, Ni-Co bivanze hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye.Icyuma cyoroshye, kizwi kandi nk'ingogo, kigira uruhare runini rwo kugenzura ibintu, kongera ubukana bwa magnetiki yaho, gukumira cyangwa kugabanya imbaraga za rukuruzi, no kongera imbaraga za mashini zigize uruhare mukuzunguruka.Imiterere ya rukuruzi ya rukuruzi imwe isanzwe ivugwa nka reta ifunguye mugihe icyuma cyoroshye kidahari;iyo rukuruzi iri mumuzunguruko wa flux ikozwe nicyuma cyoroshye, magnet bivugwa ko iri mumuzinga ufunze.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa bwa magnetiki Nd-Fe-B?
Imiterere yubukorikori bwa magneti Nd-Fe-B yacumuye ：
| Imbaraga Zunamye / MPa | Imbaraga zo kwikuramo / MPa | Gukomera / Hv | Yong Modulus / kN / mm2 | Kurambura /% |
| 250-450 | 1000-1200 | 600-620 | 150-160 | 0 |
Birashobora kugaragara ko magnet ya Nd-Fe-B yacumuye ni ibintu bisanzwe.Mugihe cyo gutunganya, guteranya no gukoresha magnesi, ni ngombwa kwitondera kugirango wirinde ko rukuruzi itagira ingaruka zikomeye, kugongana, no guhangayika bikabije, kugirango wirinde gucika cyangwa kugwa kwa rukuruzi.Birashimishije kubona imbaraga za rukuruzi za magneti za Nd-Fe-B zacumuye zikomeye cyane muburyo bwa magneti, abantu bagomba kwita kumutekano wabo mugihe bakora, kugirango birinde intoki kuzamuka nimbaraga zikomeye.
Nibihe bintu bigira ingaruka kumaseti ya Nd-Fe-B yacumuye?
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumaseti ya Nd-Fe-B yacumuye ni gutunganya ibikoresho, ibikoresho nubuhanga bwo gutunganya, nurwego rwa tekiniki rwumukoresha ， nibindi byongeye, micro-imiterere yibikoresho igira uruhare runini kuri gutunganya neza magnet.Kurugero, rukuruzi hamwe nicyiciro cyingenzi cyimbuto nini, hejuru ishobora kuba ifite imashini ikora;magnet imikurire idasanzwe, imiterere yo gutunganya hejuru ikunda kugira umwobo w'ikimonyo;ubucucike, ibihimbano hamwe nicyerekezo ntabwo bingana, ubunini bwa chamfer buzaba butangana;rukuruzi ifite ogisijeni nyinshi iroroshye, kandi ikunda guca inguni mugihe cyo gutunganya;icyiciro cya magnet icyiciro nyamukuru cyibinyampeke hamwe na Nd ikwirakwiza icyiciro ntago ari kimwe, gufatisha isahani imwe hamwe na substrate, uburinganire bwikigero kimwe, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa kwangirika bizaba birenze icyiciro nyamukuru cyingano nziza no gukwirakwiza Nd umubiri ukungahaye cyane magnetiki umubiri.Kugirango ubone ibisobanuro bihanitse bya Nd-Fe-B bya magneti, injeniyeri yinganda, injeniyeri yimashini nuyikoresha bagomba kuvugana byimazeyo no gufatanya.